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Whiting Willauer Papers, 1916-1962 (bulk 1941-1955): Finding Aid

MC142

Whiting Willauer

Whiting Willauer

Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library
65 Olden Street
Princeton, New Jersey 08540 USA
Phone: 609-258-6345
Fax: 609-258-3385
mudd@princeton.edu
http://www.princeton.edu/~mudd

Published in 2001

Summary Information

Creator:
Willauer, Whiting, 1906-1962.
Title and dates:
Whiting Willauer Papers, 1916-1962 (bulk 1941-1955)
Abstract:
The papers of Whiting Willauer (1906-1962) reflect Willauer's entire career, but focus most strongly on the period from 1941 to 1954 when Willauer was in China and worked for China Defense Supplies, Inc. (1941-1944), the Foreign Economic Administration (1944-1945), the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration [NRRA] (1946-1947), and Civil Air Transport, Inc. (1946-1954). The papers also document his positions as an admiralty lawyer for the New York City law firm, Bingham, Dana and Gould (1931-1938), as Attorney, Criminal Division at the Department of Justice and Special Assistant to United States Attorney General (1929-1940), Special Counsel for the Federal Power Commission (1941), and his appointments as United States Ambassador to Honduras (1954-1958) and Costa Rica (1958-1961). In addition, materials which reflect Willauer's role as a delegate to the Organization of American States' Meetings of Foreign Ministers (August 1960) and to the United Nations General Assembly (October 1960) are found in the papers.
Size:
4.95 linear feet (10 boxes, 1 oversize folder)
Call number:
MC142
Location:
Princeton University Library. Department of Rare Books and Special Collections.
Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library.
Public Policy Papers.
Princeton, New Jersey 08540 USA
Language(s) of material:
English.
Storage note:
This collection is stored onsite at the Mudd Manuscript Library.

Biography of Whiting Willauer

Whiting Willauer (1906-1962, Class of 1928), was born in New York, New York, received his A.B. from Princeton University and his law degree from Harvard University. Willauer married Louise Russell in June of 1930. They had three children, Sally, Whiting, Jr. and Thomas.

Following law school Willauer worked for the law firm of Bingham, Dana & Gould for seven years practicing admiralty law. In 1939 he accepted a position as Special Attorney with the United States Civil Aeronautics Board where he was put in charge of the conduct of air mail rate hearings and the other matters involving the Washington National Airport. From 1939 through 1940 Willauer worked as an attorney in the Criminal Division at the Department of Justice investigating judicial corruption. While in this position, Willauer also served as a special assistant to the United States Attorney General and conducted the first grand jury investigation into Nazi propaganda. In 1941 Willauer served as Special Counsel for the Federal Power Commission. In this capacity Willauer worked on the proposed St. Lawrence Seaway legislation.

In July 1941 Willauer took a position with China Defense Supplies, Inc. (CDS, Inc.), the official representative of the Chinese government in lend-lease matters. Willauer worked as assistant to T.V. Soong, President of CDS, Inc. It was this job that launched Willauer's career in Asia. While in China Willauer met Claire L. Chennault with whom he founded the American Volunteer Group, also known as the “Flying Tigers”, and advised Chennault on matters related to this organization.

In 1944 Willauer was assigned a new position as Director, Far East and Special Territories Branch of the Foreign Economic Administration. In 1946 Willauer was an advisor to the director on reconstruction problems in China for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA).

During this time, beginning in 1946, Willauer and Chennault formed the Civil Air Transport (CAT) company. Willauer served as executive vice-president, and later as president and vice-chair of the board. CAT was a civilian airline which transported supplies and individuals throughout China and Asia, often taking risks that other airlines refused to take. During the war in China between the Communists and the Nationalists, CAT aided the Nationalists in transporting supplies to both the army and to civilians. CAT, Inc. was eventually bought by the U.S. government (the C.I.A.) in the late 40s/early 50s. Following a lawsuit between CAT, Inc. and another Chinese airline, Central Air Transport, Corp. (CATC) Willauer left China and returned to the United States.

From 1954 to 1958 Willauer served as United States Ambassador to Honduras, and from 1958 to 1961 he served as United States Ambassador to Costa Rica. During his ambassadorship to Costa Rica, Willauer served as a delegate to the meeting of foreign ministers for the Organization of American States (OAS) in 1960 and as a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly in October 1960. In July 1961 Willauer gave testimony to the United States Senate Internal Security Subcommittee Investigation on the Bay of Pigs incident in Cuba.

Whiting Willauer died at age 56 in 1962. He was survived by his wife, Louise, and his daughter Sally and son Whiting, Jr.

Chronology of Willauer's Career
  1. 1931-1938: Admiralty lawyer, Bingham, Dana and Gould law firm (New York, NY)
  2. 1939: Special Attorney, United States Civil Aeronautics Board
  3. 1939-1940: Attorney, Criminal Division, Department of Justice, and Special Assistant to the United States Attorney General
  4. 1941: Special Counsel, Federal Power Commission
  5. 1941-1944: Co-founder and Advisor to General Claire L. Chennault's American Volunteer Group (AVG), a.k.a., “Flying Tigers” Executive Secretary, China Defense Supplies, Inc.
  6. 1944-1945: Director, Far East and Special Territories Branch, Foreign Economic Administration
  7. 1946-1947: Advisor to Director on reconstruction problems in China, United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)
  8. 1946-1954: Executive Vice-President, President, and Vice-Chair of the Board, Civil Air Transport (CAT)
  9. 1954-1958: United States Ambassador to Honduras
  10. 1958-1961: United States Ambassador to Costa Rica
  11. 1960: Delegate to the Organization of American States (OAS) Meetings of Foreign Ministers (August 1960)
  12. 1961: Testimony on Bay of Pigs incident in Cuba, Senate Internal Security Subcommittee Investigation, (27 July 1961)

Description

Consists of papers of Willauer (Princeton Class of 1928) relating mainly to his official, semi-official, and private concerns in China during and after World War II when he was executive secretary (1941-1944) for China Defense Supplies, Inc., which purchased airplanes for Claire Lee Chennault’s American Volunteer Group known as the "Flying Tigers;" director (1944-1945) of the Far East branch of the Foreign Economic Administration; and president and vice-chairman of the board of the Civil Air Transport (CAT) company in China, co-founded with Chennault. Included are Willauer’s annotations to his papers and autobiographical notes, correspondence, articles, speeches, and interviews by and about him, photographs, CAT manuals, and a flight logbook for 1943-1944. Major correspondents include Joseph Alsop, Marshall Bannell, Claire L. Chennault, Thomas Corcoran, T. V. Soong, Charles L. Stillman, L. K. Taylor, Edward Warner, Erik Watts, Louise Willauer (wife), and William S. Youngman.

Also present are some limited materials pertaining to his earlier career as an admiralty lawyer (1931-1938) with a New York City law firm, attorney for the Civil Aeronautics Board and the Dept. of Justice, and, later, as ambassador to Honduras (1954-1958) and to Costa Rica (1958-1961).

Arrangement

Organized into the following series:

Access and Use

Access

Collection is open for research use.

Restrictions on Use and Copyright Information

Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the Curator of the Public Policy Papers. Researchers are responsible for determining any copyright questions.

Acquisition and Appraisal

Provenance and Acquisition

The Whiting Willauer Papers were donated to the Princeton Library by Louise Russell Willauer in several accessions.

Processing and Other Information

Processing Information

This collection was processed by Melissa A. Johnson in July 1992. Finding aid written by Melissa A. Johnson in July 1992.

Descriptive Rules Used

Finding aid content adheres to that prescribed by Describing Archives: A Content Standard.

Encoding

Machine-readable finding aid encoded in EAD 2002 by Techbooks and Cristela García-Spitz on November 3, 2006.

Finding aid written in English.

Preferred Citation

Identification of specific item, Date (if known), Whiting Willauer Papers, Box and Folder Number, Public Policy Papers, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library.

Subject Headings

These materials have been indexed in the Princeton University Library online catalog using the following terms. Those seeking related materials should search under these terms.

Browse other finding aids related to the following terms:

Contents List

  1. Series I: Biographical Material

    Series Description

    Series I: Biographical Materials includes a folder of notes written by Whiting Willauer about himself, as well as a folder of general biographical material about Willauer. Also included is a subseries of educational material, which contains correspondence and grade cards from Willauer's school days at Saint Albans, Stone School, and Princeton University.

  2. Autobiographical Notes, 1959(?)

    Box 1
  3. General

    Box 1
  4. Education

  5. Correspondence, 1926, 1956-57

    Box 1
  6. Grade Cards, 1916-1928

    Box 1
  7. Series II: Annotations and Notes, 1960-1962

    Series Description

    Series II: Annotations and Notes (1960-1962) contains transcripts and notes made by Whiting Willauer on his papers between the years 1960 and 1962. During the course of describing the items Willauer often related the context of the items, telling stories, anecdotes, and relating events as he remembered them. At times Willauer repeats himself, and he is not always consistent in his recounting of events. Yet, the annotations and notes provide a valuable descriptive element to the collection. There are tapes for all of these notes except for one set. These notes no longer serve the purpose for which they were created, which was to describe specific items in the collection according to a numbering and coding system set up by Willauer (usually by folder and numbered with a red or blue pencil). The annotations and notes should not be used to locate items.

  8. Transcription of tapes describing specific items in Whiting Willauer Papers (1941-1944), undated

    Box 1
  9. Annotations by Whiting Willauer (1942-1953, 1954-1960), 1 Dec 1960

    (transcriptions of tapes, tapes not included)

    Box 1
  10. Annotations regarding correspondence by Whiting Willauer (1939-1950), 12 Feb 1962

    Box 1
  11. Annotations regarding correspondence by Whiting Willauer (1943-1951), 26 Jun 1962

    Box 1
  12. Series III: Correspondence, 1939-1962

    Series Description

    Series III: Correspondence (1939-1962) is arranged alphabetically by writer and chronologically within. Where there is a considerable amount of correspondence with a single individual a separate folder has been made. Correspondence includes both professional and personal letters. Of special interest should be Whiting Willauer's correspondence to his wife, Louise Russell Willauer. Willauer regularly wrote to his wife and shared many details of his work in China. Included in this correspondence are Louise Willauer's letters written home during the time in which she was with Whiting. The correspondence files contain most of the material held in the collection that documents Willauer's positions as United Sates Ambassador to Honduras and Costa Rica from 1954 through 1961, although there are subject files folders for both Honduras and Costa Rica.

  13. A-V

    (21 folders)

    Box 1
  14. Separate folders exist for following individuals:

  15. Alsop, Joseph, 1943-1944

    Box 1
  16. Bannell, Marshall, 1945-1961

    Box 1
  17. Chennault, Claire L., 1944-1958

    Box 1
  18. Corcoran, Thomas, 1946-1958

    Box 1
  19. Soong, T.V., 1943-1952

    Box 1
  20. Stillman, Charles L., 1955, 1961

    Box 1
  21. Taylor, L.K., 1943-1950

    Box 1
  22. W-Z

    (2 folders)

  23. Warner, Edward, 1954-1958

    Box 2
  24. Watts, Erik, 1943, 1954-1956

    Box 2
  25. Willauer, Louise, 1942-1958

    (5 folders)

    Box 2
  26. Youngman, William S., 1942-1946

    Box 2
  27. Series IV: Diaries

    Series Description

    Series IV: Diaries is arranged chronologically and consists of what Willauer termed as his diaries, but are actually a catchall for Willauer's notes to himself, journal entries, rough drafts of letters and memoranda of meetings and subjects. Also included are copies of reports sent to various people in the United States such as William S. [Bill] Youngman, Thomas G. Corcoran, and Louise Willauer.

  28. 1942-1959

    (13 folders)

    Box 2
  29. Series V: Subject Files

    Series Description

    Series V: Subject Files is arranged alphabetically and chronologically within. Included in this series are files for each of Willauer's jobs, with the exception of his position as an Admiralty Lawyer at Bingham, Dana and Gould law firm in New York City (1931-1938).

  30. Chiang Kai-Shek, 1949-1950

    Box 3
  31. China Defense Supplies (CDS), 1942-1944

  32. Correspondence, 1942-1944

    (4 folders)

    Box 3
  33. Reports, 1943-1944

    (3 folders)

    Box 3
  34. Requisitions, 1942-1943

    (3 folders)

    Box 3
  35. Civil Aeronautics Authority, 1938-1939

    Box 3
  36. Civil Air Transport, Inc.

  37. (CAT, Inc.), 1947-1956

    Box 3
  38. Correspondence, 1947-1956

    (4 folders)

    Box 3
  39. Flight Records, 1950, 1954 Feb

    Box 3
  40. Minutes, 1949

    Box 3
  41. Organizational Information, 1951, 1953

    Box 4
  42. Reports, 1948, 1952-1953

    Box 4
  43. Stock

    Box 4
  44. CAT/CNRRA Certificates, 1947

    Box 4
  45. Selling of CAT shares, 1949

    Box 4
  46. General Release Acknowledgements & Promissory Notes, 1949

    Box 4
  47. Communism, 1962

    Box 4
  48. Costa Rica

  49. General, 1958-1961

    Box 4
  50. Itineraries, 1959-1961

    Box 4
  51. Cuba (Bay of Pigs), U.S. Senate Testimony, 1961

    Box 4
  52. Eisenhower, Milton, 1956

    Box 4
  53. El Salvador (Chiefs of Mission Conference), 1959

    Box 4
  54. Federal Power Commission, 1941

    Box 4
  55. Flight Log Book (Whiting Willauer), 1943-1950

    Box 4
  56. Foreign Economic Administration

  57. General, 1944-1945

    Box 4
  58. Report: Economic Program for China, 1944

    Box 4
  59. Fourteenth Air Force (“Flying Tigers”), 1943-1944, 1958

    Box 4
  60. Guatemala-Honduras-United Fruit Land Reform Project, 1961

    Box 4
  61. Honduras, 1954-1957

    Box 4
  62. Hong Kong, 1950

    Box 4
  63. Inter-American Highway Authority, 1961

    Box 5
  64. International Suppliers Corporation (China) [ISC], 1948-1949

    Box 5
  65. Justice Department--Criminal Division, 1939-1942

    Box 5
  66. Licenses/Identification, 1948-1957

    Box 5
  67. Navy Department--Naval Reserve Unit, 1938-1941

    Box 5
  68. Seaway for Defense Committee (St. Lawrence Seaway), 1941

    Box 5
  69. Southwest Transport Administration in China, 1943-1944

    Box 5
  70. T-Sher, Tag, 1955

    Box 5
  71. United Fruit Company, 1954

    Box 5
  72. United Nations, General Assembly, 1960

    Box 5
  73. Venezuela, 1962

    Box 5
  74. Willauer “Box”, 1951-1954

    Box 5
  75. Willauer, Sally, 1957

    Box 5
  76. Series VI: Notebooks

    Series Description

    Series VI: Notebooks (1942-1953) contains bound or spiral bound notebooks that have been disbound in which Willauer took notes during his day to day work. Presumably he used these notes to type up his reports, diaries and memoranda, as well as letters. Some contain lists of personal supplies and supplies that China Defense Supplies, Inc. and Civil Air Transport moved. The Notebooks are arranged chronologically.

  77. China Defense Supplies, Inc., 1942-1943

    Box 5
  78. China Defense Supplies, Inc., 1943

    Box 5
  79. Civil Air Transport (CAT), 1948-1949

    Box 5
  80. Civil Air Transport, Inc., (CAT, Inc.), Delaware, 1953

    Box 5
  81. Southwest Highway Transport Administration (China), 1943

    Box 5
  82. Series VII: Speeches

    Series Description

    Series VII: Speeches (1958-1961) contain speeches that Willauer gave as United States Ambassador to Honduras and Costa Rica, his speech given at the World Affairs Council on communism (1960), and as a delegate at the Organization of American States meeting of foreign ministers (1960).

  83. Costa Rica

  84. General, 1958-1960

    (3 folders)

    Box 5
  85. Commencement Exercises (Lincoln School), 1959 Nov

    Box 5
  86. Thanksgiving Speech (Episcopal Church), 1959 Nov

    Box 5
  87. World Affairs Council, Communism (Los Angeles, CA), 1960 Dec 12

    Box 5
  88. Organization of American States (OAS), Institute of World Affairs, University Southern California, 1960 Dec 14

    Box 5
  89. General, 1961

    Box 5
  90. Series VIII: Publications

    Series Description

    Series VIII: Publications (1923-1962) contains newspaper clippings; Civil Air Transport CAT Bulletins; the book A Description of Equipment and Operations, a general pictorial history with some descriptive text describing the outfit of Civil Air Transport, Inc.; a CAT maintenance manual; and the published and bound court proceedings for the lawsuit between Civil Air Transport, Inc. and Central Air Transport Corporation. There is also a folder containing pamphlets published by Willauer while he was Ambassador to Costa Rica.

  91. Newspaper Clippings

  92. Central Air Transport, Corp. (CATC), 1949-1950

    Box 5
  93. Central National Aviation Company (CNAC), 1949

    Box 5
  94. Chennault, Claire L., 1949-1952

    Box 5
  95. Civil Air Transport (CAT), 1948-1953

    Box 5
  96. Costa Rica, 1954-1960

    Box 5
  97. Foreign Economic Administration, 1944-1945

    Box 5
  98. Guatemala, 1954-1955

    Box 5
  99. Honduras, 1954-1958

    Box 5
  100. Justice Department, Criminal Division, 1941

    Box 5
  101. Willauer Family, 1960

    Box 5
  102. World Affairs Council, 1960

    Box 5
  103. Bound Volumes Civil Air Transport

  104. CAT Bulletins

  105. Vol. 4-6, 1951

    Box 6
  106. Vol. 7, 1952-1954

    Box 7
  107. A Description of Equipment and Operations

    Box 7
  108. CAT Maintenance Manual

    Box 7
  109. Civil Air Transport, Inc. vs Central Air Transport Corp.

    (2 folders)

    Box 7
  110. Costa Rica, 1958-1961

    Box 7
  111. Series IX: Appointment Books

    Series Description

    Series IX: Appointment Books (1954-1961) contains six bound, volumes which list daily appointments in chronological order during the time Willauer was United States Ambassador to Honduras and Costa Rice.

  112. (7 Volumes), 1954-1961

    Box 8
  113. Series X: Photographs and Audio Tapes

    Series Description

    Series X: Photographs includes a series of numbered photographs with a descriptive listing, as well as some miscellaneous photographs of Whiting Willauer, Louise Willauer, and one of Claire L. Chennault. The descriptive listing is in the box with the photographs.

  114. Photographs

    Box 9
  115. Recordings of Annotations and Notes

    Annotations of materials and Autobiographical remarks on the life and career of Whiting Willauer. (4 tapes) all have transcripts.

    Box 10
  116. Series XI: Oversize Materials

    Series Description

    Series XI: Oversize Material includes oversize photographs, a Civil Air Transport, Inc. poster, and two maps with annotations and notes in Willauer's hand.

  117. Maps

  118. Poster

  119. Photographs

Name Listing

The following is a list of names and subjects with dates from the original box listing/finding aid for the Whiting Willauer Papers. The majority of these original folders contained only photocopies of materials located elsewhere in the collection. In some instances the items only mentioned the individual or subject for whom there was a folder, and there was no actual correspondence to or from this person, or any original material. All photocopies were discarded, except where there were no originals. Thus, material relating to these individuals and subjects is still located in the collection; however, there are no longer individual folders for these.

In both cases, these lists are not actual lists of the files in the collection. Rather they are lists of names and/or subjects which appear in the collection.

Subject Listing

Permanent URL: http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/1831cj93h

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